This study examines how a marine heatwave in the Kuroshio Extension region influenced the sustained intensity of typhoons by analyzing oceanic and atmospheric observational data. The results indicate that the anomalously high sea surface temperatures (SSTs) provided a continuous energy supply to the typhoon. During the marine heatwave, SSTs exceeded 30°C, significantly increasing the ocean heat content beneath the typhoon. Additionally, strong warm currents and reduced vertical mixing suppressed the typhoon-induced SST cooling effect, maintaining a warm ocean environment. Atmospherically, the marine heatwave led to higher moisture content and atmospheric instability, promoting sustained deep convection. These factors collectively enabled the typhoon to maintain its super typhoon intensity at higher latitudes, beyond the typical regions favorable for typhoon development. This case study highlights the critical role of marine heatwaves in modulating typhoon intensity, especially in regions like the Kuroshio Extension where intensification is usually inhibited.

The findings are significant for improving typhoon intensity prediction models, particularly in the context of global climate change where marine heatwave events may become more frequent. Understanding the interaction mechanisms between marine heatwaves and typhoons can enhance disaster warning capabilities and reduce risks for coastal communities.