Complex network approaches offer valuable insights into discerning the statistical and dynamic mechanisms in the Earth system. Firstly, we introduced a multilayer, multivariable network method to elucidate the influence of upper air dynamics on the temporal variability of surface aerosol pollution. Our analysis reveals that the observed relationship between weather and aerosol pollution is underpinned by the dynamics of planetary Rossby waves. These not only precipitate extreme weather events but also induce significant fluctuations in aerosol pollution levels. We applied this method to five years of PM2.5 data for China and the United States. Secondly, employing a network-synchronization analysis, we recently examined global synchronization patterns of extreme aerosol events based on Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data spanning from 1980 to 2022 globally. The transport and teleconnection patterns of the event synchronization network are discerned through the asymmetric characteristics of synchronization. We identified noteworthy clusters in the network associated with sources and sinks of aerosol event transmission in the global. Moreover, significant amplification in the divergence degrees of these sources and sinks, particularly between East Asia and North America, is observed due to recent anthropogenic aerosol emissions. Regarding teleconnection patterns, the mechanism is linked to Rossby waves, with the teleconnection degree increasingly localizing in the Northern Hemisphere.