The pantograph-catenary system (PCS) is a critical interface for stable power acquisition in high-speed railways, and its dynamic interaction performance directly dictates the safety and reliability of train operation. As operating speeds continuously increase, conventional passive pantographs struggle to maintain stable, high-quality contact with the catenary. The resulting issues, such as severe fluctuations in contact force, electrical arcing, and mechanical wear, have become a technical bottleneck limiting further advancements in speed. Active control technology, which introduces sensors, controllers, and actuators to dynamically regulate the pantograph's behavior, is considered a core solution to address these challenges and ensure superior current collection quality.

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