Marine biodiversity is under unprecedented threat from climate change, habitat loss, over-harvesting, pollution, and biological invasions. Globally, one-third of marine mammal, shark, and ray species have been lost, and a similar proportion of fishing grounds have been overfished. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive, integrated approach to mitigate multiple stressors simultaneously. Using Hong Kong as a case study, this presentation will illustrate how marine conservation can be strengthened through such an approach.

First, significant reductions in marine pollution have been achieved by constructing large-scale sewer and sewage treatment systems, correcting misconnected sewage pipes, and upgrading sewage treatment levels. Second, fishing pressure and habitat destruction have been alleviated through the implementation of a trawl ban, resulting in increased marine benthic biodiversity and enhanced fisheries resources. Third, the establishment of additional marine protected areas (MPAs), such as the South and North Lantau Marine Parks, has facilitated ecosystem recovery and supported the replenishment of fisheries resources. In parallel, regulations have been tightened to prohibit commercial fishing by indigenous fishermen in existing MPAs. Additional measures, including the installation of artificial reefs, coral restoration, and interventions to reduce coral bioerosion, have further enhanced biodiversity within certain MPAs.

The development and implementation of a citywide Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan have improved the mainstreaming of biodiversity protection and fostered partnerships across sectors. Furthermore, as part of Hong Kong's commitment to achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, initiatives to restore mangroves and seagrasses as blue carbon sinks have been prioritized. These efforts underscore the importance of a holistic, multi-faceted approach to halting marine biodiversity loss. This presentation will also explore how advancements in technology can further strengthen conservation efforts.